Ideal Spectroscopy SpectraJet™ Single Pulsed Discharge Jet Nozzle The Ideal Spectroscopy SpectraJet™ Single Pulsed Discharge Jet Nozzle is a research-proven source for generating radicals, transient molecules, and reactive intermediates in rotationally cold supersonic molecular beams. The SpectraJet integrates a high-speed pulsed valve, electrical discharge section, and supersonic expansion nozzle into a compact assembly designed for installation inside a vacuum chamber.During operation, a small concentration of a selected chemical precursor is entrained in a high-pressure inert buffer gas such as argon or helium. The integrated pulsed valve delivers a short, controlled gas pulse through the discharge section, where a precisely timed electrical discharge fragments or dissociates the precursor immediately before the gas expands into the vacuum chamber.The rapid free-jet expansion cools the newly formed molecular species to low rotational temperatures while minimizing collisions and secondary reactions downstream of the nozzle. The resulting pulsed molecular beam is ideal for Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF), Dispersed Fluorescence (DF), emission spectroscopy, and other gas-phase molecular spectroscopy techniques.The SpectraJet is an excellent choice for experiments where the desired species can be produced from a single precursor or from a premixed precursor and buffer-gas formulation. Discharge timing, valve timing, precursor concentration, buffer gas selection, and backing pressure can all be optimized for the specific molecule under investigation.The discharge section is powered by one Ideal Spectroscopy PDD-100 Pulsed Discharge Driver. Its TTL-compatible triggering allows the electrical discharge to be precisely synchronized with the pulsed valve, laser, detector, and laboratory timing system. High-voltage output is supplied to the nozzle electrode assembly through an SHV cable and an appropriate vacuum feedthrough.The SpectraJet provides laboratories with a practical, repeatable alternative to assembling a pulsed discharge source from individual valves, electrodes, insulating components, nozzles, and high-voltage connections. It is designed for researchers who want to move efficiently from vacuum chamber installation to reactive-species generation and spectroscopic data collection.Features: Single pulsed-valve and precursor-gas channel Integrated pulsed electrical discharge section Designed for argon, helium, and other suitable buffer gases Produces radicals and reactive intermediates immediately before supersonic expansion Rapid supersonic cooling for rotationally cold molecular beams Precise synchronization with pulsed lasers and detection equipment Operates with one Ideal Spectroscopy PDD-100 Pulsed Discharge Driver Suitable for LIF, DF, emission spectroscopy, and related gas-phase spectroscopy techniques Based on pulsed-discharge jet methods demonstrated in published molecular spectroscopy research Custom Materials Science and Surface Processing ApplicationsBeyond molecular spectroscopy, the SpectraJet™ and TwinJet™ platforms can be adapted for experimental materials science applications requiring timed delivery, activation, mixing, or directed expansion of gaseous precursors and reactive species into a vacuum chamber. Potential research applications include pulsed and reactive molecular beam experiments, gas-surface reaction studies, precursor screening, radical-assisted surface processing, thin-film and coating development, nanoparticle or cluster formation, and specialized gas-source, hybrid, or plasma-assisted epitaxy research.The independently controlled TwinJet™ configuration is especially valuable when two precursors must remain isolated until activation or mixing near the nozzle exit. Because deposition systems vary widely in operating pressure, gas load, substrate geometry, operating temperature, material compatibility, beam distance, and process-control requirements, these products should be evaluated and configured for each specific application.Ideal Vacuum welcomes custom source, nozzle, electrode, valve, mounting, feedthrough, heating, cooling, and control-system design requests for new vacuum processing and advanced materials research applications.

Ideal Spectroscopy TwinJet™ Dual Pulsed Discharge Jet Nozzle The Ideal Spectroscopy TwinJet™ Dual Pulsed Discharge Jet Nozzle is an advanced two-precursor molecular beam source designed to produce highly reactive molecules that are difficult or impossible to generate using a conventional single-stream discharge nozzle. The TwinJet integrates two independent high-speed pulsed valves, two separate gas-delivery channels, and two independently energized discharge sections that converge at a common mixing region near the throat of the supersonic expansion nozzle. Each TwinJet channel can carry a different chemical precursor diluted to a low concentration in a high-pressure inert buffer gas such as argon or helium. The two precursor mixtures remain physically separated within their respective valves and discharge passages, preventing premature reactions while allowing unstable, incompatible, corrosive, or highly reactive gas combinations to be handled as independent streams. Each channel can be operated with its discharge energized or turned off. Valve timing, discharge timing, precursor concentration, buffer gas selection, backing pressure, and discharge conditions can all be adjusted independently for each side. Researchers can discharge both precursor streams, discharge only one stream, or introduce either stream without discharge depending on the reaction pathway being investigated. After passing through their respective discharge regions, the two gas streams enter a short mixing region at the nozzle throat. Reactive fragments formed in the separate channels are combined only immediately before the mixture undergoes free-jet expansion into the vacuum chamber. This short reaction time promotes formation of the desired transient molecule while minimizing precursor decomposition, wall reactions, and unwanted secondary chemistry. The resulting supersonic expansion rapidly cools the reaction products to form a pulsed molecular beam containing rotationally cold radicals and reactive intermediates. The TwinJet is ideally suited for Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF), Dispersed Fluorescence (DF), emission spectroscopy, and other gas-phase molecular spectroscopy techniques requiring controlled production of short-lived molecular species. A representative application uses a dilute mixture of disilane (Si2H6) in argon in one channel and a dilute mixture of oxygen (O2) in argon in the second channel. The precursor streams are separately discharged, and the resulting products are mixed immediately before expansion. This approach enabled the first gas-phase spectroscopic identification of hydroxysilylene (HSiOH). This work was reported by Tyler J. Herman, Fumie X. Sunahori, Tony C. Smith, and Dennis J. Clouthier in Hydroxysilylene (HSi-OH) in the Gas Phase, Journal of Chemical Physics, Volume 162, Article 044301 (2025), DOI: 10.1063/5.0249684. The study demonstrated that the strongest and most stable LIF signals were obtained by discharging both independent precursor streams and merging the discharge products immediately before expansion into vacuum. The same TwinJet approach has also been successfully used to generate previously unobserved transient molecules from separate precursor streams, including HSnCl and HSnBr, demonstrating the value of isolating precursors until the final mixing and expansion stage. Two Ideal Spectroscopy PDD-100 Pulsed Discharge Drivers are used to independently control the TwinJet discharge sections. TTL-compatible triggering allows both discharges to be synchronized with the pulsed valves, excitation laser, detector, and laboratory timing or data-acquisition system. Features: Two independent high-speed pulsed valves Two isolated precursor and buffer-gas channels Two independently energized discharge sections Keeps incompatible or reactive precursors separated until use Allows either, both, or neither precursor stream to be discharged Independent optimization of valve timing, discharge timing, and operating conditions Rapid mixing at the supersonic nozzle throat Minimizes premature reactions and precursor decomposition Produces radicals, transient molecules, and reactive intermediates Rapid supersonic cooling for rotationally cold molecular beams Operates with two Ideal Spectroscopy PDD-100 Pulsed Discharge Drivers Suitable for LIF, DF, emission spectroscopy, and related gas-phase spectroscopy techniques Demonstrated by the first gas-phase spectroscopic identification of hydroxysilylene (HSiOH) Custom Materials Science and Surface Processing Applications: Beyond molecular spectroscopy, the SpectraJet™ and TwinJet™ platforms can be adapted for experimental materials science applications requiring timed delivery, activation, mixing, or directed expansion of gaseous precursors and reactive species into a vacuum chamber. Potential research applications include pulsed and reactive molecular beam experiments, gas-surface reaction studies, precursor screening, radical-assisted surface processing, thin-film and coating development, nanoparticle or cluster formation, and specialized gas-source, hybrid, or plasma-assisted epitaxy research. The independently controlled TwinJet™ configuration is especially valuable when two precursors must remain isolated until activation or mixing near the nozzle exit. Because deposition systems vary widely in operating pressure, gas load, substrate geometry, operating temperature, material compatibility, beam distance, and process-control requirements, these products should be evaluated and configured for each specific application. Ideal Vacuum welcomes custom source, nozzle, electrode, valve, mounting, feedthrough, heating, cooling, and control-system design requests for new vacuum processing and advanced materials research applications. The TwinJet provides molecular spectroscopy laboratories with a flexible platform for exploring reaction pathways that cannot be achieved by premixing precursors in a single gas cylinder or pulsed valve. It is designed to help researchers rapidly evaluate new precursor combinations, optimize reactive-species production, and identify new molecules under cold, isolated gas-phase conditions.

Agilent Cary 60 UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, Wavelength range of 190–1100 nm. Optional 21 CFR Part 11 software tools are available for purchase. Agilent Part Number: G6860A. The Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer has a wavelength range of 190–1100 nm that can be scanned in under three seconds. Our versatile UV-Vis spectrophotometer can be fitted with long pathlength cuvettes and solid sample transmission or reflectance accessories, and is ideal for remote UV-Vis absorbance analysis, when fitted with fiber optic probes. The xenon source lamp has a 10 year replacement warranty (for Cary 60 instruments purchased from Agilent or participating partners), requires zero warmup, and causes no photodegradation of samples. Fast reactions can be recorded with 80 data points per second. The Cary 60 is well-suited as a routine UV-Vis spectrophotometer or for use in teaching labs. Optional 21 CFR Part 11 software tools are available (S101132). FEATURES Reduce time-consuming and expensive lamp replacements, and minimize instrument revalidation costs with the unique Agilent xenon source lamp. Safely measure life-science samples without sample photodegradation and be sure that you get the correct answer every time with the Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Get reliable UV-Vis spectrophotometer performance with fiberoptic measurement probes. Why use cuvettes when you can bring the UV-Vis instrument to the sample and get accurate results in a fraction of the time? Measure small volumes and precious samples accurately and reproducibly with a highly focused beam image. Scan the entire wavelength range (190 to 1100 nm) in under three seconds and collect data from single or multiple wavelengths at 80 data points per second. Take advantage of the Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer’s comprehensive range of accessories to accurately characterize the widest variety of liquid and solid samples. Tailor the Cary WinUV software to suit your analytical requirements. From classroom to research laboratories through R&D and regulated QA/QC environments, simplify your UV-Vis spectroscopy measurements and get more done in less time. Choose sustainability: The Cary 60 UV-Vis received My Green Lab’s ACT (Accountability, Consistency, Transparency) label after independent audit for its environmental impact throughout the product lifecycle.

Replacement Electrodes for Ideal Spectroscopy SpectraJet™ Pulsed Discharge Jet Nozzle These replacement electrodes are designed for use with the Ideal Spectroscopy SpectraJet™ Pulsed Discharge Jet Nozzle. They replace worn or damaged electrodes to help maintain reliable discharge performance during experiments. The electrodes are designed for straightforward replacement and proper integration with the SpectraJet™ nozzle assembly. Key Features: Replacement electrodes for the SpectraJet™ Pulsed Discharge Jet Nozzle Designed for reliable pulsed discharge operation Direct replacement for worn or damaged electrodes Easy integration with the SpectraJet™ nozzle assembly

Replacement Electrodes for Ideal Spectroscopy TwinJet™ Dual Pulsed Discharge Jet Nozzle These replacement electrodes are designed for use with the Ideal Spectroscopy TwinJet™ Dual Pulsed Discharge Jet Nozzle. They replace worn or damaged electrodes to help maintain reliable discharge performance during experiments. The electrodes are designed for straightforward replacement and proper integration with the TwinJet™ nozzle assembly. Key Features: Replacement electrodes for the TwinJet™ Dual Pulsed Discharge Jet Nozzle Designed for reliable pulsed discharge operation Direct replacement for worn or damaged electrodes Easy integration with the TwinJet™ nozzle assembly

Ideal Spectroscopy Photodiode Variable Bias Module, 0-24 VDC 24V, 2A DC Converter Power Supply Included This is an 0-24 VDC Ideal Spectroscopy photodiode variable bias module with included 24V, 2A DC power supply. This module is used to apply a DC bias to a compatible photodiode for greater sensitivity and linearity, and more rapid time response. The bias voltage is adjusted via a rotatable knob on the side of the bias module. The photodiode must be attached via the input female BNC connector. The output is monitored by connection to the output female BNC connector. Optionally, the 0-24 VDC bias voltage may be monitored via connection to the bias monitor female BNC connector for precise voltage control. Photodiodes are light detectors used in many spectroscopy applications. An unbiased photodiode acts as a photovoltaic device, which generates a single electron of current per excitation event. The photodiode output may be monitored either by measuring the current produced or by applying a resistance to the photodiode output and measuring the voltage build up as current is impeded. Photovoltaic operation is the simplest mode of action and has minimal dark current. Unfortunately it suffers from low amplification, nonlinear voltage response over large dynamic ranges, and slow response due to a short depetion width and large junction capacitance. Unbiased photodiodes are best for slow or very low light applications. Photodiodes may be reverse biased to change their response from photovoltaic to photoconductive. Under reverse biasing the depletion width increases, the junction capacitance decreases, and the response speeds up. The current response is amplified and becomes more linear over a larger dynamic range than in photovoltaic mode. The cost of these enhancements is increased dark noise and the propagation of electrical artifacts from the biasing power supply to the photodiode output signal. Using a clean power supply, such as Ideal Spectroscopy’s photodiode bias module, is critical for good response. Biasing photodiodes is best for applications where rapid time response or high linearity over a large range of light intensities is needed. Photodiode Variable Bias Module Specifications: Compatible Photodiodes: Anode-grounded, photoconductive Input Voltage: 24 VDC nominal, regulated, <100 mV ripple preferred Input Connection Type: Barrel Receptical, 5.5 mm OD, 2.1 mm ID Photodiode Bias Voltage: 0.8 - 23.4 VDC, variable Photodiode Bias Maximum Current: 3 A, <100 mA typical Photodiode Bias Load Regulation: ±2% typical Photodiode Bias Line Regulation: ±1% typical Photodiode Bias Ripple: <50 mV peak-peak at typical load Photodiode Bias Connection: BNC female, center positive Bias Monitor Voltage: 0.8 - 23.4 VDC, variable Bias Monitor Connection: BNC female Output Voltage: 0 - 5 V typical Output Connection: BNCfFemale Operating Temperatures: -40 to 85 °C Operating Humidity: <85% RH non-condensing 24V DC Power Supply Specifications: Input Voltage: 90 - 240 VAC Input Frequency: 47-63 Hz Output Voltage: 24.0±1.2 VDC Output Voltage Ripple: ±1% Rated Output Current: 2.5 A Input Connector: NEMA 1-15P Output Connector: Barrel, 5.5 mm OD, 2.1 mm ID Output Connector Polarity: Center positive Safety Approvals: UL60950-1, cUL60950-1 EMC Approvals: FCC

Ideal Spectroscopy Mounted Large-Area Silicon Photodiode, 350-1100 nm, Anode Grounded, BNC This Ideal Spectroscopy mounted large-area silicon photodiode is designed for detecting large visible and near-infrared beams or spots in the 350-1100 nm wavelength range. The photodiode is anode grounded and equipped with a female BNC electrical connection for easy integration with existing laboratory systems. This mounted photodiode is compatible with Ideal Spectroscopy’s Photodiode Variable Bias Module, which provides an adjustable bias of 0-24 VDC for a faster, more linear, amplified response. The anodized aluminum photodiode housing provides several mounting options for easy integration into optical systems. The front face is equipped with an internal SM1 thread for connection to a 1" diameter lens tube or other standard optical apparatus. The back of the housing has an external SM1 thread for installation into threaded optical mounts designed for 1" OD optics and devices. A smooth 1" OD section also allows the photodiode to be installed into kinematic mounts with a 1" ID smooth bore. An 8-32 threaded hole on the base of the housing allows for direct connection to standard optical posts. Specifications: Wavelength range: 350-1100 nm Active surface area: 13 mm2, square Peak responsivity wavelength: 970 nm Typical responsivity: 0.65 A/W Dark current: 0.35 nA typical, 6 nA maximum at 10 V reverse bias Rise time: 14 ns at 10 V reverse bias Maximum reverse bias: 30 VDC Electrical connection: Female BNC Configuration: Anode grounded Operating temperature range: -40 to 100 °C

Ideal Spectroscopy Mounted Fast-Response Silicon Photodiode, 350-1100 nm, Anode Grounded, BNC This Ideal Spectroscopy mounted fast-response silicon photodiode is designed for detecting small, fast visible and near-infrared beams in the 350-1100 nm wavelength range. The photodiode is anode grounded and equipped with a female BNC electrical connection for easy integration with existing laboratory systems. This mounted photodiode is compatible with Ideal Spectroscopy’s Photodiode Variable Bias Module, which provides an adjustable bias of 0-24 VDC for a faster, more linear, amplified response. Care must be taken when setting the bias voltage, as the photodiode has a maximum reverse bias of 15 VDC. The anodized aluminum photodiode housing provides several mounting options for easy integration into optical systems. The front face is equipped with an internal SM1 thread for connection to a 1" diameter lens tube or other standard optical apparatus. The back of the housing has an external SM1 thread for installation into threaded optical mounts designed for 1" OD optics and devices. A smooth 1" OD section also allows the photodiode to be installed into kinematic mounts with a 1" ID smooth bore. An 8-32 threaded hole on the base of the housing allows for direct connection to standard optical posts. Specifications: Wavelength range: 350-1100 nm Active surface area: 0.20 mm2, round Peak responsivity wavelength: 800 nm Typical responsivity: 0.50 A/W Dark current: 0.06 nA typical, 1 nA maximum at 5 V reverse bias Rise time: 0.8 ns at 5 V reverse bias Maximum reverse bias: 15 VDC Electrical connection: Female BNC Configuration: Anode grounded Operating temperature range: -40 to 85 °C

Ideal Spectroscopy Mounted Large-Area InGaAs Photodiode, 900-1700 nm, Anode Grounded, BNC This Ideal Spectroscopy mounted large-area InGaAs photodiode is designed for detecting large infrared beams or spots in the 900-1700 nm wavelength range. The photodiode is anode grounded and equipped with a female BNC electrical connection for easy integration with existing laboratory systems. The anodized aluminum photodiode housing provides several mounting options for easy integration into optical systems. The front face is equipped with an internal SM1 thread for connection to a 1" diameter lens tube or other standard optical apparatus. The back of the housing has an external SM1 thread for installation into threaded optical mounts designed for 1" OD optics and devices. A smooth 1" OD section also allows the photodiode to be installed into kinematic mounts with a 1" ID smooth bore. An 8-32 threaded hole on the base of the housing allows for direct connection to standard optical posts. Specifications: Wavelength range: 900-1700 nm Active surface area: 3.0 mm2, round Typical responsivity: 0.9 A/W Shunt resistance: 20 MO Maximum reverse bias: 2 VDC Electrical connection: Female BNC Configuration: Anode grounded Operating temperature range: -40 to 75 °C

Ideal Spectroscopy Mounted Fast-Response InGaAs Photodiode, 900-1700 nm, Anode Grounded, BNC This Ideal Spectroscopy mounted fast-response InGaAs photodiode is designed for detecting small, fast infrared beams in the 900-1700 nm wavelength range. The photodiode is anode grounded and equipped with a female BNC electrical connection for easy integration with existing laboratory systems. This mounted photodiode is compatible with Ideal Spectroscopy’s Photodiode Variable Bias Module, which provides an adjustable bias of 0-24 VDC for a faster, more linear, amplified response. Care must be taken when setting the bias voltage, as the photodiode has a maximum reverse bias of 20 VDC. The anodized aluminum photodiode housing provides several mounting options for easy integration into optical systems. The front face is equipped with an internal SM1 thread for connection to a 1" diameter lens tube or other standard optical apparatus. The back of the housing has an external SM1 thread for installation into threaded optical mounts designed for 1" OD optics and devices. A smooth 1" OD section also allows the photodiode to be installed into kinematic mounts with a 1" ID smooth bore. An 8-32 threaded hole on the base of the housing allows for direct connection to standard optical posts. Specifications: Wavelength range: 900-1700 nm Active surface area: 0.045 mm2, round Typical responsivity: 0.90 A/W Dark current: 0.05 nA typical, 2 nA maximum at 5 V reverse bias Rise time: 0.3 ns at 5 V reverse bias Maximum reverse bias: 20 VDC Electrical connection: Female BNC Configuration: Anode grounded Operating temperature range: -40 to 75 °C